References - Revision history

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			[[Category:USFS]]
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			<div class="center">[[USFS Wilderness Character Monitoring Technical Guide]]</div>
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	Adams, A.; Landres, P.; Kingston, S. 2012. A database application for monitoring wilderness character. Park Science. 28 (Winter 2011–2012): 58–59.		Adams, A.; Landres, P.; Kingston, S. 2012. A database application for monitoring wilderness character. Park Science. 28 (Winter 2011–2012): 58–59.

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Adams, A.; Landres, P.; Kingston, S. 2012. A database application for monitoring wilderness character. Park Science. 28 (Winter 2011–2012): 58–59.

American Heritage Dictionary. 1992. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Belsky, A.J.; Matzke, A.; Uselman, S. 1999. Survey of livestock influences on stream and riparian ecosystems in the western United States. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 54: 419–431.

Beschta, R.L.; Boone Kauffman, J.; Dobkin, D.S.; [et al.]. 2014. Long-term livestock grazing alters aspen age structure in the northwestern Great Basin. Forest Ecology and Management. 329: 30–36.

Borrie, W.T.; McCool, S.F. 2007. Describing change in visitors and visits to the “Bob." International Journal of Wilderness. 13(3): 28–33.

Borrie, W.T.; Roggenbuck, J.W. 2001. The dynamic, emergent, and multi-phasic nature of on-site wilderness experiences. Journal of Leisure Research. 33(2): 202– 228.

Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2012. Measuring attributes of wilderness character. BLM implementation guide version 1.5. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. https://www.wilderness.net/toolboxes/ documents/WC/BLM%20Implementation%20Guide.docx [Accessed 3 April 2017].

Clark, R.N.; Stankey, G.H. 1979. The recreation opportunity spectrum: A framework for planning, management, and research. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-098. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 32 p.

Cole, D.N. 2012. Wilderness visitor experiences: A selective review of 50 years of research. Park Science. 28(3): 66–70.

Colorado Wilderness Act of 1980. Pub. L. 96-560. 94 Stat. 3265. (December 22, 1980).

Dawson, C. 2004. Monitoring outstanding opportunities for solitude. International Journal of Wilderness. 10(3): 12–14, 20.

Dawson, C.P.; Hendee, J.C. 2009. Wilderness management: Stewardship and protection of resources and values. 4th ed. Golden, CO: Fulcrum Publishing. 544 p.

Dustin, D.L.; McAvoy, L.H. 2000. Of what avail are forty freedoms? The significance of wilderness in the 21st century. International Journal of Wilderness. 6(2): 25–26.

Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC). 2010. Stages of the geospatial data lifecycle pursuant of OMB Circular A-16 sections 8(E)(D), 8(E)(F), and 8(E)(G). 23 p. http://www.fgdc.gov/policyandplanning/a-16/index.html. [Accessed 2014 December].

Gordon, J.E.; Crofts, R.; Diaz-Martinez, E.; [et al.]. 2017. Enhancing the role of geoconservation in protected area management and nature conservation. Geoheritage. doi: 10.1007/s12371-0240-5.

Grimm, J.W.; Lynch, J.A. 2004. Enhanced wet deposition estimates using modeled precipitation inputs. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 90: 243–268.

Hall, T.E. 2001. Hikers’ perspectives on solitude and wilderness. International Journal of Wilderness. 7(2): 20–24.

Hall, T.E.; Davidson, A. 2013. Changes in Bridger Wilderness visitors’ experiences of crowding and attitudes toward management from 1969 to 2010. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration. 31(4): 45–61.

Hall, T.E.; Irizarry, S. 2014. 2013 Yosemite wilderness visitor study. Report prepared for Yosemite National Park. Moscow, ID: Department of Conservation Social Sciences. 133 p.

Hall, T.E.; Seekamp, E.; Cole, D.N. 2010. Do recreation motivations and wilderness involvement relate to support for wilderness management? A segmentation analysis. Leisure Sciences. 32(2): 109–124.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2013. Summary for policymakers. In: Stocker, T.F.; Qin D.; Plattner, G.-K.; et al., eds. Climate change 2013: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York: Cambridge University Press. http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_SPM_FINAL.pdf. [Accessed February 2017].

Johnson, B.J.; Hall, T.E.; Cole, D.N. 2005. Naturalness, primitiveness, remoteness, and wilderness: Understanding and experience of wilderness qualities. Moscow, ID: University of Idaho and ALWRI. 82 p. http://www.wilderness.net/visitoruse. [Accessed 2017 April].

Joyce, L.A.; Running, S.W.; Breshears, D.D.; [et al.]. 2014. Chapter 7: Forests. In: Climate change impacts in the United States: The third national climate assessment.

Melillo, J.M.; Richmond, Terese (T.C.); Yohe, G.W.; eds. U.S. Global Change Research Program. 175–194. doi:10.7930/J0Z60KZC. http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/sectors/forests. [Accessed April 2017].

Keane, Robert E.; Cary, Geoffrey J.; Flannigan, Mike D.; [et al.]. 2013. Exploring the role of fire, succession, climate, and weather on landscape dynamics using comparative modeling. Ecological Modelling. 266 (September): 172–86. doi:10.1016/j. ecolmodel.2013.06.020.

Landres, P.; Barns, C.; Boutcher, S.; [et al.]. 2015. Keeping it wild 2: An updated interagency strategy to monitor trends in wilderness character across the National Wilderness Preservation System. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-340. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 114 p.

Landres, P.; Barns, C.; Dennis, J.G.; [et al.]. 2008. Keeping it wild: An interagency strategy to monitor trends in wilderness character across the National Wilderness Preservation System. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-212, Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 81 p.

Landres, P.; Boutcher, S.; Blett, T.; [et al.]. 2009. Technical guide for monitoring selected conditions related to wilderness character. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-80. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, U.S. Government Printing Office. 293 p.

Landres, P.; Boutcher, S.; Merigliano, L.; [et al.]. 2005. Monitoring selected conditions related to wilderness character: A national framework. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS- GTR-151. Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 38 p.

Landres, P.; Vagias, W.N.; Stutzman. S. 2012. Using wilderness character to improve wilderness stewardship. Park Science. 28 (Winter 2011–2012): 44–48. Long, E.; Biber, E. 2014. The Wilderness Act and climate change adaptation. Environmental Law. 44: 623–694.

Lowe, S.; Browne, M.; Boudjelas, S.; [et al.]. 2000. 100 of the World’s worst invasive alien species: A selection from the Global Invasive Species Database. Aukland, New Zealand: World Conservation Union, Species Survival Commission, The Invasive Species Specialist Group. 12 p.

Matos, P., Geiser, L.; Hardman, A.; [et al.]. 2017. Tracking global change using lichen diversity: Towards a global-scale ecological indicator. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.12712.

McCloskey, M. 1966. The Wilderness Act of 1964: its background and meaning. Oregon Law Review. 45: 288–321.

McCloskey, M. 1999. Changing views of what the wilderness system is all about. Denver University Law Review. 76: 369–381.

Merriam-Webster. 2016. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary New Edition. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc. 939 p.

National Park Service (NPS). 2014. Keeping it wild in the National Park Service: A user guide to integrating wilderness character into park planning, management, and monitoring. WASO 909/121797. Lakewood, CO: U.S. Department of Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center. 219 p.

Newman, P.; Fristrup, K.; Trevino, K.; [et al.]. 2012. Protecting soundscapes in US National Parks: Lessons learned and tools developed. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 131(4): 3381–3381.

Nussle, S.; Matthews, K.R.; Carlson, S.M. 2017. Patterns and dynamics of vegetation recovery following grazing cessation in the California golden trout habitat. Ecosphere. 8(7): e01880. doi: 10.1002/ecs2.1880.

Ochs, M.J. 1999. Defining wilderness: From McClosky to legislative, administrative and judicial paradigms. Denver University Law Review 76: 659–679.

Office of Technology Assessment. 1993. Harmful non-indigenous species in the United States. OTA-F-565. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Putney, A.D.; Harmon, D. 2003. Intangible values and protected areas: Towards a more holistic approach to management. In: Harmon, D.; Putney, A.D., eds. The full value of parks: from economics to the intangible. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. 311–326.

Roggenbuck, J.W. 2004. Managing for primitive recreation in wilderness. International Journal of Wilderness. 10(3): 21–24.

Roggenbuck, J.W.; Driver, B.L. 2000. Benefits of nonfacilitated uses of wilderness. In: McCool, Stephen F.; Cole, David N.; Borrie, William T.; et al., comps. Wilderness science in a time of change conference—Volume 3: Wilderness as a place for scientific inquiry; 1999 May 23–27; Missoula, MT. Proceedings RMRS-P-15-VOL-3. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 33–49.

Rohlf, D.; Honnold, D.L. 1988. Managing the balance of nature: The legal framework of wilderness management. Ecology Law Quarterly. 15: 249–279.

Schroeder, H.W. 2007. Symbolism, experience, and the value of wilderness. International Journal of Wilderness. 13(1): 13–18.

Schwede, D.B.; Lear, G.G. 2014. A novel hybrid approach for estimating total deposition in the United States. Atmospheric Environment. 92: 207–220. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2104.04.008.

Scott, D.W. 2002. Untrammeled, wilderness character, and the challenges of wilderness preservation. Wild Earth. 11(3/4): 72–79.

Seekamp, E.; Cole, D.N. 2009. Deliberating the experiential qualities of wilderness: Similar meanings, but divergent standards. International Journal of Wilderness. 15(3): 23–28.

Staudinger, M.D.; Grimm, N.B.; Staudt, A.; [et.al.]. 2012. Impacts of climate change on biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem services: Technical input to the 2013 national climate assessment. Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey. 296 p.

Sustainable Recreation Framework. 2010. Connecting people with America’s great outdoors: A framework for sustainable recreation. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Recreation, Heritage and Volunteer Resources Program. 8 p. https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5346549.pdf. [Accessed April 2017].

United States Congress. 1983. U.S. House Report 98–40 from the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, March 18, p. 43.

USDA Forest Service. 2009. Forest Service Manual 1940. Inventory, monitoring, and assessment activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Ecosystem Management Coordination Staff. 20 p.

USDA Forest Service. 2011a. Navigating the climate change performance scorecard: A guide for national forests and grasslands. Version 2.0. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Office of Sustainability and Climate Change. https://www.fs.fed.us/climatechange/advisor/scorecard/monitoring.html. [Accessed April 2017].

USDA Forest Service. 2011b. Watershed condition classification technical guide. FS- 978. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Watershed, Fish, Wildlife, Air, and Rare Plants Program. https://www.fs.fed.us/sites/default/ files/legacy_files/media/types/publication/field_pdf/watershed_classification_ guide2011FS978_0.pdf [Accessed April 2017].

USDA Forest Service. 2011c. Watershed condition framework. FS-977. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Watershed, Fish, Wildlife, Air, and Rare Plants Program. https://www.fs.fed.us/sites/default/files/legacy_files/ media/types/publication/field_pdf/Watershed_Condition_Framework.pdf [Accessed April 2017].

USDA Forest Service. 2013a. Inventory, monitoring, and assessment strategy. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 27 p. USDA Forest Service. 2013b. National visitor use monitoring results: USDA Forest Service national summary report. Data collected FY 2008 through FY 2012.

Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Recreation, Heritage and Volunteer Resources Programs. http://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/ nvum/2012%20National_Summary_Report_061413.pdf. [Accessed April 2017].

USDA Forest Service. 2014. U.S. Forest Service national minimum protocol for monitoring outstanding opportunities for solitude: Element 5 of the 10-year wilderness stewardship challenge. Solitude Minimum Protocol Version 1.0. http://www.wilderness.net/toolboxes/documents/WC/National_Minimum_ Protocol_Solitude.pdf. [Accessed December 2016].

Zahniser, H. 1963. Hearings before the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 1st session, on S.4, February 28 and March 1, 1963.

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	Beschta, R.L.; Boone Kauffman, J.; Dobkin, D.S.; [et al.]. 2014. Long-term livestock grazing alters aspen age structure in the northwestern Great Basin. Forest Ecology and Management. 329: 30–36.		Beschta, R.L.; Boone Kauffman, J.; Dobkin, D.S.; [et al.]. 2014. Long-term livestock grazing alters aspen age structure in the northwestern Great Basin. Forest Ecology and Management. 329: 30–36.

	Borrie, W.T.; McCool, S.F. 2007. Describing change in visitors and visits to the ~~“Bob~~." International Journal of Wilderness. 13(3): 28–33.		Borrie, W.T.; McCool, S.F. 2007. Describing change in visitors and visits to the "Bob." International Journal of Wilderness. 13(3): 28–33.

	Borrie, W.T.; Roggenbuck, J.W. 2001. The dynamic, emergent, and multi-phasic nature of on-site wilderness experiences. Journal of Leisure Research. 33(2): 202– 228.		Borrie, W.T.; Roggenbuck, J.W. 2001. The dynamic, emergent, and multi-phasic nature of on-site wilderness experiences. Journal of Leisure Research. 33(2): 202– 228.

	Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2012. Measuring attributes of wilderness character. BLM implementation guide version 1.5. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. https://www.wilderness.net/toolboxes/ documents/WC/BLM%20Implementation%20Guide.docx [Accessed 3 April 2017].		Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2012. Measuring attributes of wilderness character. BLM implementation guide version 1.5. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. https://www.wilderness.net/toolboxes/documents/WC/BLM%20Implementation%20Guide.docx [Accessed 3 April 2017].

	Clark, R.N.; Stankey, G.H. 1979. The recreation opportunity spectrum: A framework for planning, management, and research. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-098. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 32 p.		Clark, R.N.; Stankey, G.H. 1979. The recreation opportunity spectrum: A framework for planning, management, and research. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-098. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 32 p.
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	Grimm, J.W.; Lynch, J.A. 2004. Enhanced wet deposition estimates using modeled precipitation inputs. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 90: 243–268.		Grimm, J.W.; Lynch, J.A. 2004. Enhanced wet deposition estimates using modeled precipitation inputs. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 90: 243–268.

	Hall, T.E. 2001. ~~Hikers’~~ perspectives on solitude and wilderness. International Journal of Wilderness. 7(2): 20–24.		Hall, T.E. 2001. Hikers' perspectives on solitude and wilderness. International Journal of Wilderness. 7(2): 20–24.

	Hall, T.E.; Davidson, A. 2013. Changes in Bridger Wilderness ~~visitors’~~ experiences of crowding and attitudes toward management from 1969 to 2010. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration. 31(4): 45–61.		Hall, T.E.; Davidson, A. 2013. Changes in Bridger Wilderness visitors' experiences of crowding and attitudes toward management from 1969 to 2010. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration. 31(4): 45–61.

	Hall, T.E.; Irizarry, S. 2014. 2013 Yosemite wilderness visitor study. Report prepared for Yosemite National Park. Moscow, ID: Department of Conservation Social Sciences. 133 p.		Hall, T.E.; Irizarry, S. 2014. 2013 Yosemite wilderness visitor study. Report prepared for Yosemite National Park. Moscow, ID: Department of Conservation Social Sciences. 133 p.
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	Melillo, J.M.; Richmond, Terese (T.C.); Yohe, G.W.; eds. U.S. Global Change Research Program. 175–194. doi:10.7930/J0Z60KZC. http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/sectors/forests. [Accessed April 2017].		Melillo, J.M.; Richmond, Terese (T.C.); Yohe, G.W.; eds. U.S. Global Change Research Program. 175–194. doi:10.7930/J0Z60KZC. http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/sectors/forests. [Accessed April 2017].

	Keane, Robert E.; Cary, Geoffrey J.; Flannigan, Mike D.; [et al.]. 2013. Exploring the role of fire, succession, climate, and weather on landscape dynamics using comparative modeling. Ecological Modelling. 266 (September): 172–86. doi:10.1016/j. ecolmodel.2013.06.020.		Keane, Robert E.; Cary, Geoffrey J.; Flannigan, Mike D.; [et al.]. 2013. Exploring the role of fire, succession, climate, and weather on landscape dynamics using comparative modeling. Ecological Modelling. 266 (September): 172–86. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.06.020.

	Landres, P.; Barns, C.; Boutcher, S.; [et al.]. 2015. Keeping it wild 2: An updated interagency strategy to monitor trends in wilderness character across the National Wilderness Preservation System. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-340. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 114 p.		Landres, P.; Barns, C.; Boutcher, S.; [et al.]. 2015. Keeping it wild 2: An updated interagency strategy to monitor trends in wilderness character across the National Wilderness Preservation System. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-340. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 114 p.
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	Landres, P.; Vagias, W.N.; Stutzman. S. 2012. Using wilderness character to improve wilderness stewardship. Park Science. 28 (Winter 2011–2012): 44–48. Long, E.; Biber, E. 2014. The Wilderness Act and climate change adaptation. Environmental Law. 44: 623–694.		Landres, P.; Vagias, W.N.; Stutzman. S. 2012. Using wilderness character to improve wilderness stewardship. Park Science. 28 (Winter 2011–2012): 44–48. Long, E.; Biber, E. 2014. The Wilderness Act and climate change adaptation. Environmental Law. 44: 623–694.

	Lowe, S.; Browne, M.; Boudjelas, S.; [et al.]. 2000. 100 of the ~~World’s~~ worst invasive alien species: A selection from the Global Invasive Species Database. ~~Aukland~~, New Zealand: World Conservation Union, Species Survival Commission, The Invasive Species Specialist Group. 12 p.		Lowe, S.; Browne, M.; Boudjelas, S.; [et al.]. 2000. 100 of the World's worst invasive alien species: A selection from the Global Invasive Species Database. Auckland, New Zealand: World Conservation Union, Species Survival Commission, The Invasive Species Specialist Group. 12 p.

	Matos, P., Geiser, L.; Hardman, A.; [et al.]. 2017. Tracking global change using lichen diversity: Towards a global-scale ecological indicator. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.12712.		Matos, P., Geiser, L.; Hardman, A.; [et al.]. 2017. Tracking global change using lichen diversity: Towards a global-scale ecological indicator. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.12712.
Line 97:		Line 97:
	Staudinger, M.D.; Grimm, N.B.; Staudt, A.; [et.al.]. 2012. Impacts of climate change on biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem services: Technical input to the 2013 national climate assessment. Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey. 296 p.		Staudinger, M.D.; Grimm, N.B.; Staudt, A.; [et.al.]. 2012. Impacts of climate change on biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem services: Technical input to the 2013 national climate assessment. Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey. 296 p.

	Sustainable Recreation Framework. 2010. Connecting people with ~~America’s~~ great outdoors: A framework for sustainable recreation. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Recreation, Heritage and Volunteer Resources Program. 8 p. https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5346549.pdf. [Accessed April 2017].		Sustainable Recreation Framework. 2010. Connecting people with America's great outdoors: A framework for sustainable recreation. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Recreation, Heritage and Volunteer Resources Program. 8 p. https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5346549.pdf. [Accessed April 2017].

	United States Congress. 1983. U.S. House Report 98–40 from the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, March 18, p. 43.		United States Congress. 1983. U.S. House Report 98–40 from the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, March 18, p. 43.
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	USDA Forest Service. 2011a. Navigating the climate change performance scorecard: A guide for national forests and grasslands. Version 2.0. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Office of Sustainability and Climate Change. https://www.fs.fed.us/climatechange/advisor/scorecard/monitoring.html. [Accessed April 2017].		USDA Forest Service. 2011a. Navigating the climate change performance scorecard: A guide for national forests and grasslands. Version 2.0. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Office of Sustainability and Climate Change. https://www.fs.fed.us/climatechange/advisor/scorecard/monitoring.html. [Accessed April 2017].

	USDA Forest Service. 2011b. Watershed condition classification technical guide. FS- 978. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Watershed, Fish, Wildlife, Air, and Rare Plants Program. https://www.fs.fed.us/sites/default/ files/legacy_files/media/types/publication/field_pdf/~~watershed_classification_ guide2011FS978_0~~.pdf [Accessed April 2017].		USDA Forest Service. 2011b. Watershed condition classification technical guide. FS- 978. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Watershed, Fish, Wildlife, Air, and Rare Plants Program. https://www.fs.fed.us/sites/default/files/legacy_files/media/types/publication/field_pdf/watershed_classification_guide2011FS978_0.pdf [Accessed April 2017].

	USDA Forest Service. 2011c. Watershed condition framework. FS-977. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Watershed, Fish, Wildlife, Air, and Rare Plants Program. https://www.fs.fed.us/sites/default/files/legacy_files/ media/types/publication/field_pdf/Watershed_Condition_Framework.pdf [Accessed April 2017].		USDA Forest Service. 2011c. Watershed condition framework. FS-977. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Watershed, Fish, Wildlife, Air, and Rare Plants Program. https://www.fs.fed.us/sites/default/files/legacy_files/media/types/publication/field_pdf/Watershed_Condition_Framework.pdf [Accessed April 2017].

	USDA Forest Service. 2013a. Inventory, monitoring, and assessment strategy. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 27 p. USDA Forest Service. 2013b. National visitor use monitoring results: USDA Forest Service national summary report. Data collected FY 2008 through FY 2012.		USDA Forest Service. 2013a. Inventory, monitoring, and assessment strategy. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 27 p. USDA Forest Service. 2013b. National visitor use monitoring results: USDA Forest Service national summary report. Data collected FY 2008 through FY 2012.

	Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Recreation, Heritage and Volunteer Resources Programs. http://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/ nvum/2012%20National_Summary_Report_061413.pdf. [Accessed April 2017].		Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Recreation, Heritage and Volunteer Resources Programs. http://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/nvum/2012%20National_Summary_Report_061413.pdf. [Accessed April 2017].

	USDA Forest Service. 2014. U.S. Forest Service national minimum protocol for monitoring outstanding opportunities for solitude: Element 5 of the 10-year wilderness stewardship challenge. Solitude Minimum Protocol Version 1.0. http://www.wilderness.net/toolboxes/documents/WC/~~National_Minimum_ Protocol_Solitude~~.pdf. [Accessed December 2016].		USDA Forest Service. 2014. U.S. Forest Service national minimum protocol for monitoring outstanding opportunities for solitude: Element 5 of the 10-year wilderness stewardship challenge. Solitude Minimum Protocol Version 1.0. http://www.wilderness.net/toolboxes/documents/WC/National_Minimum_Protocol_Solitude.pdf. [Accessed December 2016].

	Zahniser, H. 1963. Hearings before the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 1st session, on S.4, February 28 and March 1, 1963.		Zahniser, H. 1963. Hearings before the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, United States Senate, 88th Congress, 1st session, on S.4, February 28 and March 1, 1963.