Untrammeled Quality - Revision history

Admin at 20:15, 5 March 2023

2023-03-05T20:15:49Z

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Admin at 19:54, 5 March 2023

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			<div class="center">[[USFS Wilderness Character Monitoring Technical Guide]]</div>
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	The objective of monitoring the Untrammeled Quality is to assess whether management of a wilderness is trending over time toward more or less human manipulation of plant communities, fish and wildlife populations, insects and disease, soil and water resources, and fire processes. This monitoring focuses on both '''authorized actions''' and '''unauthorized actions''' that intentionally control or manipulate "the earth and its community of life" within wilderness.		The objective of monitoring the Untrammeled Quality is to assess whether management of a wilderness is trending over time toward more or less human manipulation of plant communities, fish and wildlife populations, insects and disease, soil and water resources, and fire processes. This monitoring focuses on both '''authorized actions''' and '''unauthorized actions''' that intentionally control or manipulate "the earth and its community of life" within wilderness.

Admin at 17:00, 3 March 2023

2023-03-03T17:00:37Z

Admin at 19:44, 2 March 2023

2023-03-02T19:44:55Z

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	Section 2(c) of the Wilderness Act defines wilderness as “an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man,” that “generally appears to have been affected primarily by the forces of nature” and is an area “retaining its primeval character and influence.” The American Heritage dictionary (1992) defines the term untrammeled as “allowed to run free,” and synonyms include unrestrained, unrestricted, unhindered, unimpeded, unencumbered, and self-willed. In his testimony at the Wilderness Act’s final Senate hearing, Zahniser (1963) stated that in the bill’s definition of wilderness, “…the first sentence [on untrammeled] is definitive of the meaning of the concept of wilderness, its essence, its essential nature…The first sentence defines the character of wilderness.” In this technical guide, measures under the Untrammeled Quality monitor the extent to which wilderness is unhindered and free from the intentional actions of modern human control or manipulation.		Section 2(c) of the Wilderness Act defines wilderness as “an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man,” that “generally appears to have been affected primarily by the forces of nature” and is an area “retaining its primeval character and influence.” The American Heritage dictionary (1992) defines the term untrammeled as “allowed to run free,” and synonyms include unrestrained, unrestricted, unhindered, unimpeded, unencumbered, and self-willed. In his testimony at the Wilderness Act’s final Senate hearing, Zahniser (1963) stated that in the bill’s definition of wilderness, “…the first sentence [on untrammeled] is definitive of the meaning of the concept of wilderness, its essence, its essential nature…The first sentence defines the character of wilderness.” In this technical guide, measures under the Untrammeled Quality monitor the extent to which wilderness is unhindered and free from the intentional actions of modern human control or manipulation.

	The Untrammeled and Natural Qualities are closely related, though they differ in a key way—the Untrammeled Quality monitors the number of actions (including '''persistent structures'''<ref>Persistent structures that purposefully alter, hinder, restrict, control, or manipulate “the earth and its community of life” (e.g., dams) are included under the Untrammeled Quality due to their continuous manipulation of ecological systems. The continuous trammeling by persistent structures is distinct from the resulting ecological effects of such manipulation (measured under the Natural Quality) and from the presence of the structures (measured under the Undeveloped Quality).</ref>) that intentionally control or manipulate ecological systems inside wilderness, whereas the Natural Quality monitors the effects on these systems from actions taken inside wilderness or from external forces. Separating actions from effects offers a clearer understanding of the trends in each, and a more effective analysis to improve wilderness stewardship. For the Untrammeled Quality, a single monitoring question provides the broad context and two indicators provide the structure for this monitoring (as summarized in table 1.2.1).		The Untrammeled and Natural Qualities are closely related, though they differ in a key way—the Untrammeled Quality monitors the number of actions (including '''persistent structures'''<ref>Persistent structures that purposefully alter, hinder, restrict, control, or manipulate “the earth and its community of life” (e.g., dams) are included under the Untrammeled Quality due to their continuous manipulation of ecological systems. The continuous trammeling by persistent structures is distinct from the resulting ecological effects of such manipulation (measured under the Natural Quality) and from the presence of the structures (measured under the Undeveloped Quality).</ref>) that intentionally control or manipulate ecological systems inside wilderness, whereas the Natural Quality monitors the effects on these systems from actions taken inside wilderness or from external forces. Separating actions from effects offers a clearer understanding of the trends in each, and a more effective analysis to improve wilderness stewardship.

			For the Untrammeled Quality, a single monitoring question provides the broad context and two indicators provide the structure for this monitoring (as summarized in table 1.2.1).

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+ Table 1.2.1—Monitoring question, indicators, measures, and measure type for the Untrammeled		\|+ Table 1.2.1—Monitoring question, indicators, measures, and measure type for the Untrammeled Quality.
	Quality.
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	! colspan="3"\| Untrammeled Quality		! colspan="3"\| Untrammeled Quality
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	\| colspan="3"\| Monitoring Question: What are the trends in actions that intentionally control or manipulate the “earth		\| colspan="3"\| Monitoring Question: What are the trends in actions that intentionally control or manipulate the “earth and its community of life” inside wilderness?
	and its community of life” inside wilderness?
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	! Indicator !! Measure !! Measure type		! Indicator !! Measure !! Measure type
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	=== 2.2.1 Measure: Number of Authorized Actions and Persistent Structures That Manipulate Plants, Animals, Pathogens, Soil, Water, or Fire ===		=== 2.2.1 Measure: Number of Authorized Actions and Persistent Structures That Manipulate Plants, Animals, Pathogens, Soil, Water, or Fire ===

	This measure assesses the 3-year rolling average of authorized trammeling actions, based on an annual count of authorized actions and persistent structures intended to manipulate any component of the biophysical environment within wilderness (including vegetation, fish, wildlife, insects, pathogens, soil, water, or fire). This measure includes discretionary and non-discretionary actions required to uphold Federal law, as well as other actions authorized through SUPs or other instruments (e.g., research actions, state fish and wildlife management actions). Part 2, section 2.1 provides additional information on how to determine what may or may not be a trammeling action.		This measure assesses the 3-year rolling average of authorized trammeling actions, based on an annual count of authorized actions and persistent structures intended to manipulate any component of the '''biophysical environment''' within wilderness (including vegetation, fish, wildlife, insects, pathogens, soil, water, or fire). This measure includes discretionary and non-discretionary actions required to uphold Federal law, as well as other actions authorized through SUPs or other instruments (e.g., research actions, state fish and wildlife management actions). Part 2, section 2.1 provides additional information on how to determine what may or may not be a trammeling action.

	The measure was selected to assess whether Forest Service management of a wilderness is trending over time toward more or less human manipulation of plant communities, fish and wildlife populations, insects and disease, soil and water resources, and fire processes.		The measure was selected to assess whether Forest Service management of a wilderness is trending over time toward more or less human manipulation of plant communities, fish and wildlife populations, insects and disease, soil and water resources, and fire processes.

Admin at 19:42, 2 March 2023

2023-03-02T19:42:15Z

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	The objective of monitoring the Untrammeled Quality is to assess whether management of a wilderness is trending over time toward more or less human manipulation of plant communities, fish and wildlife populations, insects and disease, soil and water resources, and fire processes. This monitoring focuses on both authorized actions and unauthorized actions that intentionally control or manipulate “the earth and its community of life” within wilderness.		The objective of monitoring the Untrammeled Quality is to assess whether management of a wilderness is trending over time toward more or less human manipulation of plant communities, fish and wildlife populations, insects and disease, soil and water resources, and fire processes. This monitoring focuses on both '''authorized actions''' and '''unauthorized actions''' that intentionally control or manipulate “the earth and its community of life” within wilderness.

	Section 2(c) of the Wilderness Act defines wilderness as “an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man,” that “generally appears to have been affected primarily by the forces of nature” and is an area “retaining its primeval character and influence.” The American Heritage dictionary (1992) defines the term untrammeled as “allowed to run free,” and synonyms include unrestrained, unrestricted, unhindered, unimpeded, unencumbered, and self-willed. In his testimony at the Wilderness Act’s final Senate hearing, Zahniser (1963) stated that in the bill’s definition of wilderness, “…the first sentence [on untrammeled] is definitive of the meaning of the concept of wilderness, its essence, its essential nature…The first sentence defines the character of wilderness.” In this technical guide, measures under the Untrammeled Quality monitor the extent to which wilderness is unhindered and free from the intentional actions of modern human control or manipulation.		Section 2(c) of the Wilderness Act defines wilderness as “an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man,” that “generally appears to have been affected primarily by the forces of nature” and is an area “retaining its primeval character and influence.” The American Heritage dictionary (1992) defines the term untrammeled as “allowed to run free,” and synonyms include unrestrained, unrestricted, unhindered, unimpeded, unencumbered, and self-willed. In his testimony at the Wilderness Act’s final Senate hearing, Zahniser (1963) stated that in the bill’s definition of wilderness, “…the first sentence [on untrammeled] is definitive of the meaning of the concept of wilderness, its essence, its essential nature…The first sentence defines the character of wilderness.” In this technical guide, measures under the Untrammeled Quality monitor the extent to which wilderness is unhindered and free from the intentional actions of modern human control or manipulation.

	The Untrammeled and Natural Qualities are closely related, though they differ in a key way—the Untrammeled Quality monitors the number of actions (including persistent ~~structures1~~) that intentionally control or manipulate ecological systems inside wilderness, whereas the Natural Quality monitors the effects on these systems from actions taken inside wilderness or from external forces. Separating actions from effects offers a clearer understanding of the trends in each, and a more effective analysis to improve wilderness stewardship. For the Untrammeled Quality, a single monitoring question provides the broad context and two indicators provide the structure for this monitoring (as summarized in table 1.2.1).		The Untrammeled and Natural Qualities are closely related, though they differ in a key way—the Untrammeled Quality monitors the number of actions (including '''persistent structures'''<ref>Persistent structures that purposefully alter, hinder, restrict, control, or manipulate “the earth and its community of life” (e.g., dams) are included under the Untrammeled Quality due to their continuous manipulation of ecological systems. The continuous trammeling by persistent structures is distinct from the resulting ecological effects of such manipulation (measured under the Natural Quality) and from the presence of the structures (measured under the Undeveloped Quality).</ref>) that intentionally control or manipulate ecological systems inside wilderness, whereas the Natural Quality monitors the effects on these systems from actions taken inside wilderness or from external forces. Separating actions from effects offers a clearer understanding of the trends in each, and a more effective analysis to improve wilderness stewardship. For the Untrammeled Quality, a single monitoring question provides the broad context and two indicators provide the structure for this monitoring (as summarized in table 1.2.1).

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Admin at 17:16, 1 March 2023

2023-03-01T17:16:25Z

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	== 2.1 Monitoring Question ==		== 2.1 Monitoring Question ==

Admin at 17:14, 1 March 2023

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	The objective of monitoring the Untrammeled Quality is to assess whether management of a wilderness is trending over time toward more or less human manipulation of plant communities, fish and wildlife populations, insects and disease, soil and water resources, and fire processes. This monitoring focuses on both authorized actions and unauthorized actions that intentionally control or manipulate “the earth and its community of life” within wilderness.		The objective of monitoring the Untrammeled Quality is to assess whether management of a wilderness is trending over time toward more or less human manipulation of plant communities, fish and wildlife populations, insects and disease, soil and water resources, and fire processes. This monitoring focuses on both authorized actions and unauthorized actions that intentionally control or manipulate “the earth and its community of life” within wilderness.

Admin at 23:45, 28 February 2023

2023-02-28T23:45:13Z

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Admin at 23:41, 28 February 2023

2023-02-28T23:41:38Z

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	== 2.1 Monitoring Question ==		== 2.1 Monitoring Question ==

Admin at 23:41, 28 February 2023

2023-02-28T23:41:05Z

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	The objective of monitoring the Untrammeled Quality is to assess whether		The objective of monitoring the Untrammeled Quality is to assess whether
	management of a wilderness is trending over time toward more or less human		management of a wilderness is trending over time toward more or less human

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:00, 3 March 2023
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	The objective of monitoring the Untrammeled Quality is to assess whether management of a wilderness is trending over time toward more or less human manipulation of plant communities, fish and wildlife populations, insects and disease, soil and water resources, and fire processes. This monitoring focuses on both '''authorized actions''' and '''unauthorized actions''' that intentionally control or manipulate ~~“the~~ earth and its community of ~~life”~~ within wilderness.		The objective of monitoring the Untrammeled Quality is to assess whether management of a wilderness is trending over time toward more or less human manipulation of plant communities, fish and wildlife populations, insects and disease, soil and water resources, and fire processes. This monitoring focuses on both '''authorized actions''' and '''unauthorized actions''' that intentionally control or manipulate "the earth and its community of life" within wilderness.

	Section 2(c) of the Wilderness Act defines wilderness as ~~“an~~ area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man,” that ~~“generally~~ appears to have been affected primarily by the forces of ~~nature”~~ and is an area ~~“retaining~~ its primeval character and influence.” The American Heritage dictionary (1992) defines the term untrammeled as ~~“allowed~~ to run free,” and synonyms include unrestrained, unrestricted, unhindered, unimpeded, unencumbered, and self-willed. In his testimony at the Wilderness ~~Act’s~~ final Senate hearing, Zahniser (1963) stated that in the ~~bill’s~~ definition of wilderness, ~~“…the~~ first sentence [on untrammeled] is definitive of the meaning of the concept of wilderness, its essence, its essential nature…The first sentence defines the character of wilderness.” In this technical guide, measures under the Untrammeled Quality monitor the extent to which wilderness is unhindered and free from the intentional actions of modern human control or manipulation.		Section 2(c) of the Wilderness Act defines wilderness as "an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man," that "generally appears to have been affected primarily by the forces of nature" and is an area "retaining its primeval character and influence." The American Heritage dictionary (1992) defines the term untrammeled as "allowed to run free," and synonyms include unrestrained, unrestricted, unhindered, unimpeded, unencumbered, and self-willed. In his testimony at the Wilderness Act's final Senate hearing, Zahniser (1963) stated that in the bill's definition of wilderness, "…the first sentence [on untrammeled] is definitive of the meaning of the concept of wilderness, its essence, its essential nature…The first sentence defines the character of wilderness." In this technical guide, measures under the Untrammeled Quality monitor the extent to which wilderness is unhindered and free from the intentional actions of modern human control or manipulation.

	The Untrammeled and Natural Qualities are closely related, though they differ in a key way—the Untrammeled Quality monitors the number of actions (including '''persistent structures'''<ref>Persistent structures that purposefully alter, hinder, restrict, control, or manipulate ~~“the~~ earth and its community of ~~life”~~ (e.g., dams) are included under the Untrammeled Quality due to their continuous manipulation of ecological systems. The continuous trammeling by persistent structures is distinct from the resulting ecological effects of such manipulation (measured under the Natural Quality) and from the presence of the structures (measured under the Undeveloped Quality).</ref>) that intentionally control or manipulate ecological systems inside wilderness, whereas the Natural Quality monitors the effects on these systems from actions taken inside wilderness or from external forces. Separating actions from effects offers a clearer understanding of the trends in each, and a more effective analysis to improve wilderness stewardship.		The Untrammeled and Natural Qualities are closely related, though they differ in a key way—the Untrammeled Quality monitors the number of actions (including '''persistent structures'''<ref>Persistent structures that purposefully alter, hinder, restrict, control, or manipulate "the earth and its community of life" (e.g., dams) are included under the Untrammeled Quality due to their continuous manipulation of ecological systems. The continuous trammeling by persistent structures is distinct from the resulting ecological effects of such manipulation (measured under the Natural Quality) and from the presence of the structures (measured under the Undeveloped Quality).</ref>) that intentionally control or manipulate ecological systems inside wilderness, whereas the Natural Quality monitors the effects on these systems from actions taken inside wilderness or from external forces. Separating actions from effects offers a clearer understanding of the trends in each, and a more effective analysis to improve wilderness stewardship.

	For the Untrammeled Quality, a single monitoring question provides the broad context and two indicators provide the structure for this monitoring (as summarized in table 1.2.1).		For the Untrammeled Quality, a single monitoring question provides the broad context and two indicators provide the structure for this monitoring (as summarized in table 1.2.1).
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	! colspan="3"\| Untrammeled Quality		! colspan="3"\| Untrammeled Quality
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	\| colspan="3"\| Monitoring Question: What are the trends in actions that intentionally control or manipulate the ~~“earth~~ and its community of ~~life”~~ inside wilderness?		\| colspan="3"\| Monitoring Question: What are the trends in actions that intentionally control or manipulate the "earth and its community of life" inside wilderness?
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	! Indicator !! Measure !! Measure type		! Indicator !! Measure !! Measure type
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	== 2.1 Monitoring Question ==		== 2.1 Monitoring Question ==

	A single monitoring question is used in monitoring the Untrammeled Quality: What are the trends in actions that intentionally control or manipulate ~~“the~~ earth and its community of ~~life”~~ inside wilderness?		A single monitoring question is used in monitoring the Untrammeled Quality: What are the trends in actions that intentionally control or manipulate "the earth and its community of life" inside wilderness?

	The monitoring question for the Untrammeled Quality examines actions that intentionally control or manipulate the components or processes of ecological systems inside wilderness. In this context, intentional manipulation means an action that deliberately alters, hinders, restricts, controls, or manipulates ~~“the~~ earth and its community of life.” This includes actions that affect plants or animal species, insects and disease pathogens, physical resources (e.g., water or soil), or biophysical processes (e.g., fire) inside a designated wilderness.		The monitoring question for the Untrammeled Quality examines actions that intentionally control or manipulate the components or processes of ecological systems inside wilderness. In this context, intentional manipulation means an action that deliberately alters, hinders, restricts, controls, or manipulates "the earth and its community of life." This includes actions that affect plants or animal species, insects and disease pathogens, physical resources (e.g., water or soil), or biophysical processes (e.g., fire) inside a designated wilderness.

	When monitoring the Untrammeled Quality, all trammeling actions are counted the same regardless of the area, intensity, frequency, or duration of their effects. This is because the Untrammeled Quality focuses closely on whether a particular decision to manipulate ~~“the~~ earth and its community of ~~life”~~ is made, not on the magnitude of that decision. In other words, taking any trammeling action degrades the Untrammeled Quality, regardless of its scope and scale. For practical reasons, however, this technical guide considers magnitude when questions arise as to whether a seemingly inconsequential action truly manipulates ~~“the~~ earth and its community of ~~life”~~ and should be included under a measure (see section 2.1 in part 2 for further discussion of this topic).		When monitoring the Untrammeled Quality, all trammeling actions are counted the same regardless of the area, intensity, frequency, or duration of their effects. This is because the Untrammeled Quality focuses closely on whether a particular decision to manipulate "the earth and its community of life" is made, not on the magnitude of that decision. In other words, taking any trammeling action degrades the Untrammeled Quality, regardless of its scope and scale. For practical reasons, however, this technical guide considers magnitude when questions arise as to whether a seemingly inconsequential action truly manipulates "the earth and its community of life" and should be included under a measure (see section 2.1 in part 2 for further discussion of this topic).

	Actions that degrade the Untrammeled Quality are typically the result of decisions by the agency. However, intentional activities by other federal and state agencies, non-governmental organizations, and the public that are not authorized by the Forest Service may also affect this quality. For this reason, two indicators are used to understand the monitoring question—one that addresses intentional manipulations that are authorized by the agency and another that addresses intentional manipulations that are not authorized by the agency.		Actions that degrade the Untrammeled Quality are typically the result of decisions by the agency. However, intentional activities by other federal and state agencies, non-governmental organizations, and the public that are not authorized by the Forest Service may also affect this quality. For this reason, two indicators are used to understand the monitoring question—one that addresses intentional manipulations that are authorized by the agency and another that addresses intentional manipulations that are not authorized by the agency.